The European Union and the Council of Europe have reviewed their legal frameworks for the protection of personal data to keep pace with changes in this fast-moving area. Building on the popular practical handbook on European data protection law, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), the Council of Europe and the European Data Protection Supervisor have just published an update as the EU’s new data protection rules take effect and the modernised text of the Council of Europe’s Convention 108 has just been adopted.